Valoración y tipificación de perfiles de salud mental positiva en confinamiento por la COVID-19 / Assessment and classification of positive mental health profiles in confinement by COVID-19

Introducción: La situación actual dada por la COVID-19 no solamente ha afectado la economía y la salud de muchos países sino también ha ocasionado un sinnúmero de problemáticas en la salud mental de la población en general. Por lo cual, es menester el compromiso y la investigación por parte de profesionales de las Ciencias Sociales y la Psicología. Objetivo: Estructurar un método de análisis para valorar y tipificar perfiles psicométricos de salud mental positiva en población colombiana en situación de confinamiento por la COVID-19. Material y Métodos: Se revisó la literatura relacionada con salud mental positiva y la técnica multivariada de análisis de conglomerados; se tomó una muestra de 270 hombres y mujeres con edades comprendidas entre 18 y 75 años, a los que se les aplicó la escala de Salud Mental Positiva, propuesta por Lluch, relacionada con los factores satisfacción personal, actitud prosocial, autocontrol, autonomía, resolución de problemas y autoactualización, y habilidades de relaciones interpersonales; se aplicó la técnica multivariada de análisis de conglomerados para establecer los perfiles psicométricos de Salud Mental Positiva. Resultados: Muestran 4 perfiles que tipifican la Salud Mental Positiva en confinamiento, fueron valorados el perfil 1 con un promedio de 2,05 y el perfil 2 con 2,69, situándose en una clasificación media, mientras que el perfil 3 con un promedio de 3,13 y el perfil 4 con un promedio de 3,32, se sitúan en una clasificación alta de salud mental positiva. Conclusiones: El método de análisis propuesto es significativo para valorar y tipificar perfiles psicométricos de Salud Mental Positiva en situación de confinamiento por la COVID-19(AU)

Introduction: The current situation given by the COVID-19 has not only affected the economy and health of many countries, but has also caused a number of problems in the mental health of the general population. Therefore, the commitment and research among professionals in the social sciences and psychology is necessary. Objective: To structure a method of analysis to evaluate and typify psychometric profiles of positive mental health in the Colombian population in a situation of confinement by COVID-19. Material and Methods: We reviewed the literature related to positive mental health and the multivariate technique of cluster analysis. We took a sample of 270 men and women between the ages of 18 and 75, to whom we applied the Positive Mental Health Scale proposed by Lluch related to the factors of personal satisfaction, prosocial attitude, self-control, autonomy, problem solving and self-updating, and interpersonal relationship skills. We applied the multivariate technique of cluster analysis to establish the psychometric profiles of positive mental health. Results: Four profiles that typify positive mental health in confinement were shown, with profile 1 being rated with an average of 2.05 and profile 2 with 2.69 being in a medium rating, while profile 3 with an average of 3.13 and profile 4 with an average of 3.32 being in a high rating of positive mental health. Conclusions: The proposed method of analysis is significant to evaluate and typify psychometric profiles of positive mental health in confinement by COVID-19(AU)

Psychological profile of pet owners in Isfahan, Iran / Perfil psicológico de tutores de animais em Isfahan, Irã

This study aimed to compare the psychological profile of pet owners with the ones who didn't own any pets. The research method was a casual-comparative study. Pet owners and people without pets were included in this research which was done in Iran in February 2017. One hundred and sixty people were selected in this sample in a nonrandom available sampling method and matched in terms of demographic characteristics. Eighty people, pet owners, were referred to the veterinary clinics and 80 didn't own any pets. They were assessed by a psychological signs inventory. The result of ANOVA indicated that pet owners and those without any pets were indifferent in the characteristics of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive disorder, hostility, paranoid, interpersonal sensitivity, and psychosis, while those without any pets, statistically had a higher average in somatization and depression than the pet owners and it could be justified by corrective emotional experience, displacement, and sublimation in the pet owner. This statistic can be based on the fact that pet owners use these animals as an object for thrilling topics which is a factor to decrease their psychological stress and increase their physical health.(AU)

O presente trabalho é um estudo comparativo casual que comparou o perfil psicológico de tutores e não tutores de animais de estimação. Os tutores e os não tutores foram incluídos na pesquisa realizada no mês de fevereiro de 2017 em Isfahan, Irã. Os 160 participantes da investigação foram selecionados de forma não casual e associados com base nas suas características demográficas. Os 80 tutores de animais haviam procurado clínicas veterinárias e o grupo controle nunca teve qualquer animal de estimação. Os dois grupos foram submetidos a um questionário psicológico. O tratamento estatístico dos resultados por análise de variância revelou a ausência de diferença entre os dois grupos para as características: ansiedade, desordens obsessivas-compulsivas, hostilidade, paranoia, sensibilidade interpessoal e psicoses. Contudo, foi constatado que os não tutores de animais de estimação apresentaram uma média estatisticamente mais elevada de somatização e depressão, o que pode ser justificado por uma experiência emocional corretiva, deslocamento e sublimação evidenciada nos tutores que pode ser atribuída ao fato dos animais constituírem um fator de valor emocional que contribui para a redução do estresse psicológico e melhoria da saúde física e emocional dos seus tutores.(AU)

Rastro conductual del asaltante sexual serial desde la perfilación criminal inductiva / Behavioral trace of the serial sexual assailant from the inductive criminal profiling

Resumen La perfilación criminal ha despertado interés tanto en el contexto académico como en la cotidianidad, debido a la multiplicidad de casos aberrantes que se presentan día a día en el mundo. Es por eso que el objetivo de este artículo fue identificar a la luz del enfoque estadístico por facetas, desde la perfilación criminal de tipo inductiva, patrones conductuales inferidos de la información que se dispone de la escena del crimen de los casos de caso de Luis Alfredo Garavito Cubillo, alias "La Bestia" quien violentó y asesinó a más de 172 niños y el de Javier Velasco Valenzuela quien asesino, violó y torturó, bajo la modalidad de empalamiento, a Rosa Elvira Cely.

Abstract Criminal profiling has sparked interest both in the academic context and in daily life, due to the multiplicity of aberrant cases that occur day by day in the world. That is why the objective of this article was to identify the light of the statistical approach by facets, from inductive criminal profiling, behavioral patterns inferred from the information available at the crime scene of the cases of Luis Alfredo Garavito's case. Cubillo, alias "La Bestia", who rapes and murdered more than 172 children and Javier Velasco Valenzuela, who murdered, raped and tortured Rosa Elvira Cely in the form of impalement.

Esquemas de gênero de adolescentes do sexo feminino / Gender schemas of female adolescents

Este estudo objetivou identificar os esquemas de gênero entre adolescentes do sexo feminino. Participaram 93 adolescentes do sexo feminino (idade média 16 anos), estudantes de uma escola de Ensino Médio Integrado à Educação Profissional no estado de Minas Gerais. Os dados foram coletados por meio da aplicação do Inventário Feminino dos Esquemas de Gênero do Autoconceito que avalia fatores do esquema de gênero feminino (Sensualidade, Inferioridade e Ajustamento social) e masculino (Arrojamento, Egocentrismo e Negligência) em mulheres. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente por Análises de Variância (ANOVA). Os resultados indicaram uma predominância do perfil de esquema de gênero isoesquemático (93,6%), demonstrando uma simetria entre os esquemas masculino e feminino. Os perfis de esquemas de gêneros se diferenciaram significativamente em relação ao Egocentrismo, Negligência, Ajuste Social e Sensualidade. São resultados importantes, pois a maioria dos estudos em esquema de gênero foca a população adulta.

This study aimed to identify the gender schemas among students adolescents women. A total of 93 female adolescents students (mean age 16 years) from a secondary school integrated to vocational education of the state of Minas Gerais participated in the study. Data were collected through the collective application of the Female Inventory of Gender Schemes of Self-Conception that evaluates factors of the female gender schema (factors: Sensuality, Inferiority and Social Adjustment) and male (factors: Burden, Egocentrism and Neglect) in women. The data were analyzed statistically by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The results indicated a predominance of the isoschematic gender scheme profile (93.6%), demonstrating a symmetry between the male and female schemes. The gender schema profiles differed significantly from Egocentrism, Neglect, Social Adjustment, and Sensuality. It is important result, since most studies in a gender scheme focus on the adult population.

The participation of Early Maladaptive Schemas (EMSs) in the perception of pain in patients with migraine: A psychological profile / A participação dos esquemas iniciais desadaptativos (eids) na percepção da dor em pacientes com migrânea: um perfil psicológico

ABSTRACT. Young's early maladaptive schemas questionnaire (YSQ-S3) is used to understand psychological aspects. Objective: EMSs were evaluated in patients with migraine. Methods: Sixty-five subjects were evaluated using the YSQ-S3 under standard conditions in a room with air conditioning at 22 ± 2°C. The subjects were stratified by morbidity (migraine), gender (male/female) and age (18-29 / 30-39 / 40-55). Controls (without migraine), n = 27 and patients (with migraine), n = 38, men (n = 19) and women (n = 46); participants aged 18-29 years, n = 34, aged 30-39 years, n = 14 and aged 40-55 years, n = 17. Data were analyzed using the Chi-square test, with p-values <0.05. Results were expressed as percentages in contingency tables. Results: There was a significant association between migraine and female gender (84.21%; p-value <0.05, Table 1), between hypervigilance and inhibition, and unrelenting standards (56.52%; p-value <0.0.014, Table 2) and female gender with migraine. Moreover, there was a significant association between hypervigilance and inhibition, and unrelenting standards (73.68%; p-value <0.0001) and self-punishment (84.21%; p-value <0.0001) in patients with migraine of both genders (Table 3). Conclusion: The individuals with migraine had a psychological profile of being overly demanding with themselves and others and self-punishing, where this was more frequent in women.

RESUMO. O questionário de esquemas iniciais desadaptativos de Young (YSQ-S3) é usado para se entender aspectos psicológicos. Objetivo: Os EIDs foram avaliados em pacientes com migrânea. Métodos: Sessenta e cinco indivíduos foram avaliados utilizando YSQ-S3 sob condições padrão em uma sala com ar condicionado a 22 ± 2°C. Os sujeitos foram estratificados pela morbidade (migrânea), por gênero (masculino/feminino) e por idade (18-29 / 30-39 / 40-55). Controle (sem migrânea), n = 27 e com migrânea, n = 38, homens (n ​​= 19) e mulheres (n = 46); indivíduos com idade entre 18 a 29 anos, n = 34, entre 30-39 anos, n = 14 e entre 40-55 anos, n = 17. Os dados foram analisados ​​usando o teste do qui-quadrado, com valores p <0,05. Os resultados foram expressos em porcentagens em tabelas de contingência. Resultados: Houve associação significativa entre migrânea e gênero feminino (84,21%; p-valor <0,05, Tabela 1), entre hipervigilância e inibição, e padrões excessivamente rígidos ​​(56,52%; p-valor <0,0,014, Tabela 2) e gênero feminino com migrânea. Além disso, houve associação significativa entre hipervigilância e inibição, e padrões excessivamente rígidos ​​(73,68%; p-valor <0,0001) e autopunição (84,21%; p-valor <0,0001) em pacientes com migrânea de ambos os gêneros (Tabela 3). Conclusão: Os indivíduos com migrânea têm um perfil psicológico de serem excessivamente exigentes consigo e com os outros e de se autopunirem, sendo isso mais frequente em mulheres.

J. K. Rowling y Severus Snape: dos caras de la misma moneda. Una comparación de las organizaciones de significado personal de la autora y un personaje de la octología de Harry Potter / J. K. Rowling and Severus Snape: two sides of the same coin. A comparison of personal meaning organizations of the author and a character in Harry Potter's octology

La presente investigación, tiene como objetivo la realización de un perfil psicológico de J.k Rowling y de Severus Snape, personaje de la heptalogía de libros de Harry Potter, de la autoría de Rowling. Este perfil se basa en la revisión del material cinematográfico, de la octología basada en los libros ya mencionados y en la película Magic Beyond Words, basada en la vida de J.K Rowling, además de la perspectiva de la psicología cognitiva-postracional. Dentro de los principales resultados encontrados, está el hecho que J.K. Rowling y Severus Snape tienen el mismo patrón de apego, pero no la misma organización de significado personal (OSP), debido a que Rowling es OSP obsesiva y Severus es OSP depresivo; sin embargo, por su configuración de apego evitante, sí son dos caras de la misma moneda.

This research aims to carry out a psychological profile of J.k Rowling and of Severus Snape, character from the harry potter's heptalogy books, by Rowling. This profile is based on the review of the film material of the octology based on the books already mentioned and the film Magic beyond words, based on the life of J.K Rowling, furthermore of perspective of cognitive-postrational psychology. Among the main results found is the fact that J.K. Rowling and Severus Snape have the same attachment, but not the same OSP, owing to Rowling is obsessive OSP and Severus is depressive OSP, but that for its configuration of avoidant attachment if they are two sides of the same coin.

Perfil psicológico en sujetos con hipertensión arterial esencial / Psychological profile in subjects with essential hypertension

Resumen Introducción: En Chile la enfermedad cardiovascular constituye la principal causa de muerte, constituyéndose la hipertensión arterial (HTA) como uno de los factores más relevantes de riesgo cardiovascular (coronario y cerebrovascular). El grupo que mayor aumento de prevalencia ha registrado en los últimos 10 años es el de 25 a 44 años. Objetivo: Explorar y describir un perfil psicológico en personas que padecen de hipertensión arterial esencial. Método: Estudio exploratorio-descriptivo con metodología cualitativa y cuantitativa de análisis. El muestreo de carácter intencionado fue compuesto por diez sujetos entre los 25 y los 47 años, diagnosticados médicamente con hipertensión arterial esencial. Los instrumentos de análisis fueron el test de psicodiagnóstico de Rorschach y una entrevista de anamnesis. Resultados: Los entrevistados mostraron un perfil psicológico con tendencia a la disminución de procesos ideoasociativos, uso de la imaginación y la fantasía (particularmente de los impulsos hostiles) y tendencia al empobrecimiento emocional. Conclusión: Los resultados son parcialmente consistentes con investigaciones previas.

Introduction: In Chile, Cardiovascular illnesses constitute the main cause for mortality, Artherial Hypertension becoming one of the main of Cardiovascular risks (Coronary and Strokes). The age group that has mostly concentrated the increase in risk in the last 10 years lies in the 25 to 44 year range. Objective: The main aim is to explore and describe a Psychological profile on people that suffer essential arterial Hypertension. Method: An exploratory-descriptive study with quantitative and qualitative analysis methodology. The sampling of an intentional character was composed by ten subjects between the 25 and 47 year time frame, diagnosed medically with essential arterial Hypertension. The analysis instruments were the Rorschach psicodiagnostic test and an anamnesis interview. Results: The interviewed subjects showed a Psychological profile with a tendency to the reduction of the ideo associative processes, of the use of imagination and fantasy, (particularly hostile impulses) and a tendency to affective impoverishment. Conclusion: The results are particularly consistent with previous research.

Impact of a multimodal intervention on the psychological profile of schizophrenic and bipolar I patients: A study of PRISMA programme / Efecto de una intervención multimodal en el perfil psicológico de pacientes con Esquizofrenia y TAB tipo I: Estudio del Programa PRISMA

Abstract Background: Bipolar disorder (BD) and schizophrenia are included in the group of severe mental illness and are main causes of disability and morbidity in the local population due to the bio-psycho-social implications in patients. In the last 20 years or so, adjunctive psychological interventions been studied with the purpose of decreasing recurrences, stablishing the course of the disease, and improving the functionality in these patients. Objective: To analyse the psychological effect of a multimodal intervention (MI) vs a traditional intervention (TI) programme in BD I and schizophrenic patients. Methods: A prospective, longitudinal, therapeutic-comparative study was conducted with 302 patients (104 schizophrenic and 198 bipolar patients) who were randomly assigned to the MI or TI groups of a multimodal intervention programme PRISMA. The MI group received care from psychiatry, general medicine, neuropsychology, family therapy, and occupational therapy. The TI group received care from psychiatry and general medicine. The Hamilton and Young scales, and the Scales for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS) and Positive Symptoms (SAPS) were used on bipolar and schizophrenic patients, respectively. The scales AQ-12, TEMPS-A, FAST, Zuckerman sensation seeking scale, BIS-11, SAI-E and EEAG were applied to measure the psychological variables. The scales were performed before and after the interventions. The psychotherapy used in this study was cognitive behavioural therapy. Results: There were statistically significant differences in socio-demographic and clinical variables in the schizophrenia and bipolar disorder group. There were no statistically significant differences in the psychological scales after conducting a multivariate analysis between the intervention groups and for both times (initial and final). Conclusion: This study did not show any changes in variables of psychological functioning variables between bipolar and schizophrenic groups, who were subjected to TI vs MI (who received cognitive behavioural therapy). Further studies are needed with other psychological interventions or other psychometric scales.

Resumen Introducción: El Trastorno Afectivo Bipolar (TAB) y la Esquizofrenia están incluidos dentro de las enfermedades mentales severas y hacen parte de las primeras causas de discapacidad y morbilidad en la población local debido al compromiso biopsicosocial en los pacientes. En las últimas décadas se han estudiado intervenciones psicológicas adjuntas con el fin de prevenir recurrencias, estabilizar el curso de la enfermedad o mejorar la funcionalidad de los pacientes con dichas patologías. Objetivo: Analizar el efecto psicológico de un programa de intervención multimodal (IM) vs la intervención tradicional en sujetos con TAB I y esquizofrenia. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio prospectivo, longitudinal, terapéutico-comparativo, con una muestra de 302 pacientes (104 pacientes con diagnóstico de esquizofrenia y 198 pacientes con TAB) que fueron asignados aleatoriamente a un grupo de IM o IT dentro de un Programa de Salud Mental con énfasis en reducción de la carga, el daño y el gasto social de la enfermedad mental PRISMA. Los pacientes asignados a la IM recibían atención por psiquiatría, medicina general, psicología, neuropsicología, terapia de familia y terapia ocupacional y, los pacientes asignados a IT recibían atención por psiquiatría y medicina general. Las escalas realizadas antes y después de las intervenciones fueron las escalas de Hamilton y Young y, las escalas SANS y SAPS, para pacientes bipolares y esquizofrénicos, respectivamente. Para evaluar las variables psicológicas se aplicaron las escalas AQ-12, TEMPS-A, FAST, Búsqueda de sensaciones de Zuckerman, BIS-11, SAI-E y EEAG. La psicoterapia usada en el componente de psicología fue la terapia cognitivo conductual. Resultados: Se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en las variables socio-demográficas y clínicas entre el grupo de pacientes con TAB y esquizofrenia. Luego de hacer un análisis multivariado MANCOVA, no se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en los resultados entre el momento inicial y final en los grupos de pacientes TAB y esquizofrenia en ninguna de las escalas aplicadas. Conclusión: El presente estudio no evidenció un cambio a nivel psicológico en los pacientes con TAB y con esquizofrenia que estuvieron bajo IT vs IT (quienes recibieron terapia cognitivo conductual). Futuros estudios aplicando otras psicoterapias adjuntas y usando otras escalas psicométricas podrían ser considerados.

Lisbeth Salander, más allá de la clasificación de rara o extraña: un estudio de caso sobre el personaje principal de la película Millenium / Lisbeth Salander, beyond the classification of rare or strange: a case study of the main character in the film Millenium

La presente investigación tiene como objetivo la realización de un perfil psicológico de un personaje de la tetralogía Millenium, más específicamente de Lisbeth Salander, su protagonista. Este perfil se basa en la revisión del material cinematográfico de la tetralogía y en la perspectiva psicodinámica. Dentro de los principales resultados encontrados, está el hecho que Lisbeth Salander tiene una estructura de personalidad esquizoide y no psicopática, como plantean otros; además de algunas debilidades de las funciones yoicas que posee el personaje.

This study aims to develop a psychological profile of one of the characters in the Millenium tetralogy, more specifically Lisbeth Salander. This profile is based on the review of the films of the tetralogy and some aspects from the psychodynamic perspective. Among the main findings is the fact that Salander has a schizoid personality structure and not a psychopathic one, as others claim, as well as the weaknesses of the ego functions that this character owns.

Perfil psicológico de los jugadores profesionales de balonmano y diferencias entre puestos específicos / Psychological profile of professional handball players and differences between specific positions

En este estudio se pretende determinar las características psicológicas para el rendimiento deportivo de los jugadores de balonmano de alto nivel y establecer si existen diferencias entre el perfil psicológico de estos jugadores en función del puesto táctico ocupado. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 80 jugadores profesionales de balonmano, con una edad media de 24.83 (±5.21) años. Respecto al puesto de juego, el 30% jugaban de extremo, el 25% de lateral, el 16.3% de central, el 18.7% de pivote y el 10% de portero. Para la evaluación del perfil psicológico se utilizaron las escalas del Cuestionario de Características Psicológicas relacionadas con el Rendimiento Deportivo (CPRD) de Gimeno y Buceta (2010). Los resultados indican que el puesto específico de portero es el que mayor puntuación tiene en todas las características psicológicas evaluadas, es decir, tiene un perfil psicológico para el rendimiento deportivo mejor que el resto de los jugadores, y que los que juegan de extremo obtienen las peores puntuaciones en este perfil. Las diferencias en el perfil psicológico de los jugadores profesionales de balonmano en función del puesto táctico pueden ser de gran ayuda a entrenadores y técnicos para adecuar su gestión de los recursos humanos, tanto en entrenamientos y competiciones, como fuera de estas, en el ámbito social ajeno al deporte.

This study aims to determine the psychological characteristics for athletic performance in high-level handball players, and whether there are differences between the psychological profiles of these players in terms of their tactical position. The sample was composed of 80 professional handball players, with a mean age of 24.83 (±5.21) years. As regards their position, 30% played in the back positions, 25% wings, 16.3% centre, 18.7% pivot, and 10% were goalkeepers. Assessment of the psychological profile used the scales in the Psychological Characteristics Associated to Sports Performance Questionnaire (Cuestionario de Características Psicológicas relacionadas con el Rendimiento Deportivo [CPRD]) by Gimeno & Buceta (2010). The results indicate that the specific position of goalkeepers obtained the highest scores in all the psychological characteristics assessed, i.e. it has a better psychological profile for athletic performance than the other player positions, and that those who play in the back positions get the worst scores on this profile. Differences in the psychological profile of professional handball players, depending on the tactical position, may be helpful to coaches and managers in order to enhance their human resource management, both in training and competition, as well as in their non-sport social environment.

La autopsia psicológica: una técnica forense para el esclarecimiento del suicidio / The psychological autopsy: a forensic technique for the clarification of suicide

El presente documento contiene una serie de consideraciones en torno una de las técnicas más importantes y utilizadas en la comprensión de los comportamientos a través del peritazgo psicológico. En el cual el psicólogo despliega todos sus conocimientos en el ámbito legal y psicológico. Entre estos peritajes se encuentra la denominada Autopsia Psicológica. La autopsia psicológica es considerada un proceso de recolección de datos del occiso que permite reconstruir el perfil psicológico y el estado mental antes del deceso (Acevedo, Núñez y Pinzón, 1999). Esta técnica pericial surge en los EE.UU. como una necesidad administrativa de definir la etiología médico legal en los casos de muertes dudosas donde no se contaba con los elementos suficientes para afirmar si se trataba de un suicidio o un accidente.

This document contains a series of considerations around one of the most important and used techniques in the understanding of behaviors through psychological expertise. In which the psychologist displays all his knowledge in the legal and psychological field. Among these expert opinions is the so-called Psychological Autopsy. The psychological autopsy is considered a data collection process of the deceased that allows reconstructing the psychological profile and mental state before the death (Acevedo, Núñez and Pinzón, 1999). This expert technique arises in the United States as an administrative need to define the medico-legal etiology in cases of doubtful deaths where there were not enough elements to confirm whether it was a suicide or an accident.

Perfil psicológico de la población que legitima al régimen populista / Psychological profile of the population that legitimates populist regime

El objetivo es mostrar una asociación entre las notas propias de un discurso populista típico y los rasgos del perfil psicológico de una población propensa a ser objeto de ese discurso. El discurso es una dimensión decisiva donde se forja el vínculo líder idealizado - Pueblo. Ese vínculo resulta más estructurante para la práctica política y social que las instituciones. El método de trabajo se basa en los tipos ideales de Max Weber no obstante los rasgos descritos del perfil psicológico de la población se apoya en múltiples investigaciones empíricas realizadas en el marco de los Proyectos UBACyT desde 1998 y particularmente desde el 2002 a la fecha.

The aim is to show an association between the notes of a populist discourse and the typical features of the psychological profile of a population likely to be the subject of that discourse. The speech is a crucial dimension of the populist regime. The link idealized leader - people became more crucial for the practice of political institutions. The working method is based on the ideal types of Max Weber, however the features described in the psychological profile of the population is based on multiple empirical research carried out under the Project UBACyT since 1998 and in particular since 2002.

Perfil psicológico de los estudiantes de 1er año de enfermería: estudio preliminar / Psychological profile of 1st year nursing students: preliminary study

La presente investigación tuvo como propósito elaborar un perfil de los estudiantes de primer año de la carrera de Enfermería de la Universidad Santo Tomás, con la finalidad de obtener información sobre los diversos ámbitos del funcionamiento del alumno. Se realizó un estudio de tipo exploratorio-descriptivo, con una muestra compuesta por 71 sujetos de ambos sexos. A éstos se les aplicaron los inventarios de personalidad MIPS (Inventario Millón de Estilos de Personalidad) y el POI (Inventario de Auto-Actualización Personal). Los resultados indican que los sujetos en el MIPS manifiestan una presencia marcada de los rasgos: apertura, sensación, sistematización, firmeza, conformismo y control. Los hallazgos del POI indican que los estudiantes presentan un alto nivel de autoaprecio, y un adecuado nivel de autonomía, espontaneidad, autoaceptación y aceptación de la agresión.

The present research protocol was designed to develop a psychological profile of first year nursing students at Santo Tomás University, and therefore obtain information related to different behavioral areas. An exploratory-descriptive research protocol for 71 students of both genders was designed. Million Indexes of Personality Styles (MIPS) and Personal Orientation Inventory (POI) were used. The results of MIPS showed a marked presence of these traits: Openness, Feeling, Systematization, Strength, Conformity and Control. The POI results showed the students possessed a high level of self regard, and an adequate level of support ratio, spontaneity, self acceptance and acceptance of aggression.

El perfil psicológico de un asesino serial en la ciudad de Medellín / The psychological profile of a serial killer in the city of Medellin

El objetivo de esta investigación,es presentar un análisis de la realización de la evaluación Psicológica Forense de un asesino serial en la ciudad de Medellín. A lo largo de él se señalan algunos aspectos históricos del asesinato serial, sus características y sus diferentes tipos; asi mismo, se hace una descripción de los crímenes, el modus operandi del asesino y, por último su evaluación y perfil de personalidad. Todo ello enmarcado bajo el respeto y la ética ya que este estudio no pretende juzgar al asesino, sino analizar el fenómeno de su personalidad psicopática desde los diversos factores que se interrelacionan.

The goal of this research is to showan analysis of the psychological and forensic assessment carried out to a serial killer in the city of Medellin. In it, some historical aspects of the serial killer are made, including hischaracteristics and different types; as well as a description of the crimes, the killer's modus operandi and his assessment and personality profile. All of this is framed in the respect andthe ethics, since this research does not attempt to judge the murder, but to analyze the phenomenon of his psychotic personality taking into account the diverse factors, whichare interrelated.

Perfil psicológico e comportamental de agressores sexuais de crianças: [revisão] / Psychological and behavioral profile of sexual abusers of children: [review]

CONTEXTO: A prática de abuso sexual contra crianças é um fenômeno universal. Ela ocorre em todos os tempos e lugares e atinge todas as classes socioeconômicas. Enquanto a maioria dos estudos investiga as vítimas, os poucos estudos sobre agressores se concentram principalmente em dados demográficos. OBJETIVO: Apresentar revisão da literatura quanto à classificação de molestadores sexuais de crianças, de acordo com o perfil psicológico e comportamental. MÉTODOS: Revisão da literatura e discussão do material utilizado. RESULTADOS: Apresentação das principais classificações dos criminosos sexuais contra crianças, identificando as tipologias mais utilizadas com suas possíveis contribuições à psiquiatria e à psicologia forense. CONCLUSÃO: A utilização do perfil psicológico em crimes sexuais é de fundamental relevância no contexto médico-legal, mas ainda carece de bases científicas mais sólidas.

BACKGROUND: Sexual violence against children is a universal problem, occurring since ever, everywhere and regardless the socio-economic status. Whist most studies have been dedicated to the victim of such crime, there is little information regarding their perpetrators, which is largely limited to the description of demographic data. OBJECTIVE: Review the literature regarding children sexual aggressors according to psychological and behavioral profile. METHODS: Literature review and discussion. RESULTS: Presentation of the major classifications of offenders, pointing out the most widely used ones and the implications to forensic psychiatry and psychology. CONCLUSION: The psychological and behavioral profile use is very important for medico-legal practice, but still needs better scientific validation.

Sociodemographic and health aspects of mothers in a paediatric ward.

Objectives To study a group of mothers in a paediatric ward and describe sociodemographic profile, presence of existing disease, pulse and blood pressure (BP) profiles during hospital stay, psychological profile prior to admission and changes demonstrated during period of stay. Method A descriptive, cross-sectional study was done in a ward at Lady Ridgeway Hospital for 6 weeks from May 2004. Five hundred mothers staying with their sick children were interviewed using a questionnaire dealing with various aspects. Mothers of children with chronic diseases needing regular admissions and those transferred to and from ward were excluded. Pulse rate and BP of mothers were recorded on admission, within 24 hours and on discharge. Psychological profile was assessed as psychological score, describing behaviour prior to admission, and acute stress score, analysing changes demonstrated during present admission. This was done using a scoring system on a standard questionnaire with 23 items and a modified one with 5 items where higher scores identified mothers reacting more to stressful situations. Results 476 (95.2%) questionnaires were analysed. Mean age of mothers was 32.1 years with a range of 17 to 52 years. 442 (92.9%) mothers had received secondary or higher education but 8 had never been to school. Monthly income was <Rs.10,000 in 296 (62.2%) families and 385 (80.9%) children were from middle and lower social classes. 117 (24.6%) mothers had preschool children at home when they were in hospital, majority of whom were looked after by grandparents. 65 (13.7%) mothers had long standing illnesses needing daily medication but only 15 (23.1%) took the drugs while in hospital. 54 (11.3%) mothers did not have anyone to confide in when they had a problem. Mean pulse rate and systolic and diastolic BP on discharge were significantly lower than the mean values on admission. Highest mean psychological score of 26.4 was found in the 21-30 year age group. Significantly higher acute stress scores were found in mothers below 30 years and in those who did not have anyone to confide in. Conclusions This study demonstrates that mothers who play a vital role in management of their sick children are under immense stress and have their own health issues and family commitments that are mostly not appreciated or addressed. A social worker assigned to paediatric wards could provide invaluable help to mothers to cope with the stressful situation of hospitalisation of a sick child.